Generator Research

Generator Research

My specific question is what will happen to an old generator after a new one is built? Are there any laws that regulate the management of the old generator? For example, will the old generator belong to your government at some point, for example, after the expiration of a contract between the government and a private company? Or will the government destroy it? Or will the government use the old generator's area for other purposes?

Regulations
There are many types of generators, such as wind power generator, ele generator or regular diesel generator. Thus, hundreds of regulations related with this issue. I just post some regulations for your reference.

( 1 )The Electricity Act 電業法
(check article 6 )
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=J0030011

(2)Regulations for Repair Station Certification and Management
(check article 8)
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=K0090011


(3)航空產品與其各項裝備及零組件適航檢定管理規則
Regulations Governing the Certification for Aviation Products, Appliances and Parts

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=K0090037


(4)廢棄物清理法 Waste Disposal Act
(check article 9)
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=O0050001


(5)有害事業廢棄物認定標準
Standards for Defining Hazardous Industrial Waste
(check article 4)
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=O0050023


(6)應回收廢棄物責任業者管理辦法
Responsible Enterprise Regulated Recyclable Waste Management Regulations
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=O0050062



By Wan-Li Yang
2010.12.12

writing clearly

同位語
（1）Two dogs, Aand and B, ran into the lobby of the hotel.
（2）Only three people — a real estate agent, B and C — attended hte Chamber of Commerce Mixer.
（3）Last Christmas, Helen visited only one person : her father.

nuit 15:介係詞
time:
in February, in 1999 , in the morning
on Monday, on June 1
at 8:00 AM

place
in (city, county) in Tainan, in Taiwan
on (street) on First Street
at (address; a specific place) at 43 canner street, at school, at university, at home, at the store,
in (inside of a place) in the library (lab)

position
on (on top of ) on the desk, on the bed
in (inside) in my room, in my desk, in the car

其他
3 reasons to, object to
a big influence on me, to concentrate on the content, insist on,
forgive you for +Ving,

seek [X for], seek informaiton about....
後面不加介係詞的動詞: seek, emphasize,interview

Using Gender-inclusive terms
(1)sculptor(sculptress)、flight attendant(stewardess)、representatives(Congressmen) Congresspersons、chairperson、Letter carriers、business executives、business owner(businessmen)、metorologists(weathermen)、fire fighter(fireman)、humankind(mankind)、they(he/she)。

Making Language Choices
(H) insupportable、preposterous、(M) incredible 、ludicrous、groundless、absurd、silly、false(S)crazt、 loony、bull

Choosing Words for their connotation

J is ambitious. vs. J is pushy.
J is tough-minded. vs J is ruthless.
J is foresighted. vs. J is calculating.
J is firm. vs J is stubborn.

Simile and Metaphor
A).Simile
(1) Boston is like Philadelphia; it lives on its past.
(2) After the mole devoured its prey, it sank into the earth as a submarine sinks into the water. -Konard z. Lorenz, adapted
(3) as if
B.)Metaphor
An angrey man is a raging bull.
Every muscle in my body ached and cried for mercy.

片語
complain to (a person)
complain about (a thing)
superior to
inferior to

Avoiding Jargon, pretentious words, and ehphemisms
technical terms, can do so--
She fractured her tibia (shinbone) in three places.

Avoiding Wordiness 方法
underline the most important words, check agian

Avoid starting sentences with phrases such as there is and it is; however, there are can be used with good effect to open a list-structure paragraph.

Turn nouns into verbs
ex. The crew had an encounter with emergency.
ex. The crew encountered an emergency.

Get rid of adjective clauses like who are, which was and that had been

replace prepositional phrases with single words
ex. She spoke in regard to water pollution.
ex. She spoke about ..

Avoid the verb to be in sentences

avoid the fact that


note:


reference:
標籤： 英文簡報技巧
http://wanliyang.blogspot.com/search/label/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7
writing clearly
Sample Paper
英文演講
英語會議腳本
英文簡報技巧 2 How to conclue a PowerPoint presentation
英文簡報技巧

Sample Paper

Sample Paper ---check list
1.Introduction
（1）summary
2.Unity
（1）each paprgrahp has a clear and sepcific topic sentence
3.Support
（1）each point is accurately and fully explained.
4. Coherene
（1）Are transitions used between paragraphs?
5. References to the Text
（1）correct quotation
（2）Do they reflect the writer's points qccurately?
6. Sentence Structure
7.Mechanics, Grammar, and Spelling
8. Overall Ranking of the Essay


Summary
ex1.
1. In his article,"The...," Oian explans that S+V. ....
(1). In the article "The..." Norman argues that.....
According to her, S+V.
(2). In "The..." Norman suggests that S+V. He states that ...

2. In his first point, Oian speaks.....
3. In the next section of his article, Oian show that....
4. Next, Oian moves into the idea that....
5. Oian's final point helps summarize the article by showing that...
6. In conculsion, Oian points out that...
(1). Finally, she concludes by making a plea. She hopes that...

ex2.
According to Norman in his article, "The...," S+V. He thinks.... He certainly makes us think about our appearance.
One factor he uses as a basis for that opinion is ...
He goes on to say that his purpose is not to make a case for the return to Vicorian decorum, but rather to examine bad dress, manners, speech, and human releationships. He hopes...
In conclusion, Norman says that..

reference
標籤： 英文簡報技巧
http://wanliyang.blogspot.com/search/label/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7
writing clearly
Sample Paper
英文演講
英語會議腳本
英文簡報技巧 2 How to conclue a PowerPoint presentation
英文簡報技巧

英文演講

英文演講結構

寫英文正式對外演說之講稿時，總是必須有一個規則可循，否則很累。講者累，聽者也累....
下述乃是整理給用英文演講，但是配合有英文簡報之狀況。
[請參另一篇，英文剪報技巧]

[I. Opening Remarks]1) Thank you very much, Prof. Ohlander, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.

2) Ladies and gentleman. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

3) Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.

4) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…

5) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a cell phone?

Expressing thanks to the Chairperson
Mr. Chairman, thank you for your introduction.

First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction.

Thank you very much, Prof. Ohlander, for your very kind introduction.

I would like to thank Dr. Huang for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.

Forms of Address and GreetingsDistinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!

Members of the conference!

Others Can you hear me all right?

Is my voice too loud?

Reference to the Audience

I can see many of you are from …department.

I know many of you are familiar with this topic.

You all look as though you’ve heard this before.

I understand that you’ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired. Now I’d like you to see an interesting topic…

[II. Introducing the Subject and the Outline of the Presentation]

[Background Information]
I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of legal system.

Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.
To begin with, we have to consider the principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.

I should like to preface my remarks with a de script ion of the basic idea.

May I begin with a general outline of this project?

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.
The first point I'd like to make is the historical background of the invention.

First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.

[Topic]
I would like to concentrate on the problem of domestic abuse in Taiwan.
I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.

I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.

Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.

My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.

In my presentation this morning, I'll limit myself to three major points only.

I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.

Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem.

Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC.

What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis.

I'm not going to say much about that except to discuss the literature on that topic.

[Outlining ]
My talk today consists of two parts. One is... and the other is...

I've divided my presentation into four parts.

I shall first talk about ... and then touch on... and finally discuss ...

The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ... (Pointing to the PowerPoint display)

I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...

My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses…

[Purpose/Objective]
The purpose of this presentation is to...

This talk is designed to…


[Correcting the Title of the Presentation]

First of all, I would like to mention that the title of my presentation should be ...

Please allow me to correct a mistake in the title of my speech which appeared in the program. Instead of... it should read...

[Reading. Another Person's Paper]-
Sometimes you are selected to read another person's paper, as he or she is absent.

I shall read a paper by Dr. Li from Guangzhou, china, who regrets that he could not be here. The title of his paper is...

I'm going to read the paper by Dr. Yang. It's a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.

I was asked by the author to read his paper. He apologizes for not being able to come here.
The next speaker, Prof. Yang, regrets that she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me. I am not sure if I can present it as well as she expected.

I am not sure whether I'll be able to be very confident in answering specific questions. However, I am somewhat familiar with his work, so I' ll try my best.

[Checking the Microphone]

First I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.

Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room?

I wonder if those in the rear of the room can hear me.

If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand?

Can you hear me clearly?
Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone?

Is the microphone working?

* Summary-How to Prepare a Good Introduction
Realize file great importance of the introduction of file presentation mad then do your best in delivering it.

Don' t make file introduction either too wordy, or too brief. Usually, it covers 10 to 15 percent of your entire speech.

Select tile ways to capture the audience attention.

Indicate tile topic.

Outline your Speech.

Announce your purpose.

Prepare several versions of tile introduction, compare them, and then select the best version. Finally, learn it by heart so as to be able to deliver it easily mid fluently.

Don't start your speech with apologies.

Pay attention to your body language.


[Shifting to the Next Main Point]
Well, let's move on to the next point.
We will now come to the second problem.

Turning to the next question, I'll talk about the stages of the procedure.

As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.

So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.

Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.

That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.

Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.

The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.
That brings me to my second point.

I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.

[ Resuming the Topic ]

Let' s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.

Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that...

I want to return to the first part of my presentation.

Now, to get back to the effect of temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.

This brings me back to the question of security.

At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.

Referring again to the first question, I think...

Referring to the Coming Point

I'll deal with it later.

I' 11 touch upon that point in a moment.

I shall tell you in detail shortly.

[ Introducing the Supporting Materials ]

I think this part is the most difficult, so I'll explain it in greater detail.

I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.

Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.
Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides.

I' 11 expand this topic with drawings and figures.

Indicating the Points Briefly

Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.

I don't think that I should describe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.

I will not go into detail on it.

This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.

Let's go through the following points very rapidly.

I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.

I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So I'll be brief.

It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls.

[Repairing a Slip of Tone]

The first of such experiments began in 2000, rather than 1999.

May I have the lights, I mean the slides.

The temperature increased, I shall say decreased.

The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.

The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9.

As you can see from the first row, excuse me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.

[ Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids]

Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please.

Lights off, first slide, please.
Dim the lights, and first slide, please.

The slide is not so clear. Please darken the room a little more.

Could you please turn on the lights, please?
Now, we can have the lights on.

Please switch on the lights.

Lights on, please.

I apologize that this slide is not so clear, but I hope you can still make out the general idea.

Sorry for the small print.

I'm sorry we left a figure out here.

[ Explaining the Contents on the Slides ]

This slide demonstrates ...

On this slide, you can see...

This curve in this slide shows...

This figure in this slide exhibits...

This table on this slide presents...

This diagram on this slide depicts...

This chart on this slide displaces ...

The picture on this slide shows ...

The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...

The flow-chart on this slide points out...

The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~

Indicating the Sources of the Content in a

This figure is taken from.., by Dr. Li.

This diagram is after that of Prof. Yang with some modification

[ Demanding to Show the Next Slide ]

May I proceed to the next slide, please?

I think we can move on to the next slide.

Let me show you the next slide.

Now, we can go on to the next slide. '

Next slide, please.

By Wanli YANG


reference
標籤： 英文簡報技巧
http://wanliyang.blogspot.com/search/label/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7
writing clearly
Sample Paper
英文演講
英語會議腳本
英文簡報技巧 2 How to conclue a PowerPoint presentation
英文簡報技巧

Chapter 21 Offenses of Gambling

Chapter 21 Offenses of Gambling

Article 266
A person who gambles in a public place or a place open to the public shall be punished with a fine of not more than one thousand yuan unless the item for which he gambles is one to provide temporary amusement.
Gambling apparatus at the site or a thing of value found at the gambling table or place for exchange of gambling tokens shall be forfeitedconfiscated whether or not it belongs to the offender.

Article 267
(Deleted)

Article 268
A person who for the purposepurpose of gain furnishes a place to gamble or assembles person to gamble shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three thousand yuan may be imposed.

Article 269
A person who for the purposepurpose of gain operates a prize-giving savings business or issues lottery tickets without permission of the government shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year or detentionshort-term imprisonment; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three thousand yuan may be imposed.
An agent who acts as an intermediary in a prize-giving savings business or in the sale of lottery tickets as specified in the preceding paragraph shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than six months or detentionshort-term imprisonment; in lieu thereof, or in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one thousand yuan may be imposed.

Article 270
A public official who harbors a person who commits an offense specified in this Chapter shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by increasing it up to one half.


http://wanliyang.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post.html
2010.10.17
BY Wan-Li Yang

Chpater 22 Offenses of Homicide

Chapter 22
Offenses of Homicide
Article 271
A person who causes the death of another human being shall be punished with death or life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than ten years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
A person who prepares to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years.

Article 272
A person who causes the death of his lineal blood ascendant shall be punished with death or life imprisonment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
A person who prepares to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years.

Article 273
A person who acted in the heat of passion caused by legally sufficient provocation thereupon causes the death of another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.

Article 274
A mother who causes the death of her child at the time of or immediately after its birth shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.

Article 275
A person who solicits or aids another to commit suicide or who causes the death of another upon his request or with his consent shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
If two or more persons agree to die together and commit an offense specified in paragraph 1, the punishment may be remitted.

Article 276
A person who negligently causes the death of another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than two thousand yuan.
A person who in the performance of his occupation commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph by neglecting the degree of care required by such occupation shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years or short-term imprisonment; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three thousand yuan may be imposed.

Chapter 23 Offenses of Causing Injury

Chapter 23 Offenses of Causing Injury

Article 277
A person who causes injury to another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than one thousand yuan.
If death results from the commission of an offense specified in the preceding paragraph, the offender shall be punished with life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than seven years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.

Article 278
A person who causes aggravated injury to another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than five years but not more than twelve years.
If death results from the commission of an offense specified in the preceding paragraph, the offender shall be punished with life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.

Article 279
A person who acted in the heat of passion caused by legally sufficient provocation thereupon commits an offense specified in one of the two preceding articles shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than one thousand yuan; if death results from the commission of such an offense, he shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years.

Article 280
A person who commits an offense specified in Article 277 or 278 against his lineal blood ascendant shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by increasing it up to one half.

Article 281
A person who commits an act of assault or battery against his lineal blood ascendant without causing him an injury shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than five hundred yuan.

Article 282
A person who solicits or aids another to cause aggravated injury to himself or who causes aggravated injury to another upon his request or with his consent shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years; if death results from the commission of such offense, he shall be punished for fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.

Article 283
A person not acting in proper self-defense who participates in an affray which results in death or aggravated injury shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years; a person who actually causes such injury shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of articles relating to offenses of causing injury.

Article 284
A person who negligently causes injury to another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than five hundred yuan; if aggravated injury results, he shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than five hundred yuan.
A person in the performance of his occupation causes injury to another by neglecting the degree of care required by such occupation shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than one thousand yuan; if aggravated injury results, he shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than two thousand yuan.

Article 285
A person who knows that he has a venereal disease or leprosy conceals such a fact to commit an obscene act or have sexual intercourse with another and causes such other to be infected shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than five hundred yuan.

Article 286
A person who maltreats a male or female who is under the age of sixteen or who by other means impairs the natural development of the body of such a male or female shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than five hundred yuan.
A person who for purpose of gain commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one thousand yuan may be imposed.

Article 287
Prosecution for an offense specified in paragraph 1 of Article 277, Article 281, 284, or 285 may be instituted only upon complaint except the offense specified in paragraph 1 of Article 277 committed by a public official.

Chapter 25 Offense of Abandonment

Chapter 25 Offenses of Abandonment

Article 293
A person who abandons a helpless person shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than one hundred yuan.
If the commission of the offense results in death, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years.

Article 294
If a person who by law, order, or contract has duty to support or protect a helpless person abandons him or does not give him support or protection necessary to preserve his life, the person shall be punished by fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
If the commission of the offense results in death, the offender shall be punished with life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than seven years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.

Article 295
A person who commits an offense specified in the preceding article against his lineal blood ascendant shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by increasing it up to one half.

Chapter 26 Offenses Against Freedom

Chapter 26
Offenses Against Freedom

Article 296
A person who enslaves another or places another in a position as not free as a slave shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.

Article 296-1
A person who trades in or mortgages humans shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than five years and, in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
A person who for purpose to make a person to engage in sexual intercourse or to make an obscene act commits the offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for less than seven years and, in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
A person who through the use of violence, threats, intimidation, controls, drugs, hypnosis or another means commit an offense specified in the two preceding paragraphs shall be punished with a punishment by increasing it up to one half.
A person who arranges, accepts, conceals a traded or mortgaged person specified in the three preceding paragraphs or to cause him to conceal shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years, in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
A public official who harbors a person who commits an offense specified in the four preceding paragraphs shall be punished with the punishment prescribed in the relating paragraph by increasing it by one half.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraphs 1 to 3 is punishable.

Article 297
A person who for purpose of gain fraudulently causes another to leave the territory of the Republic of China shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten year and, in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the previous paragraph is punishable.
Article 298
A person who forcibly abducts a female person for purpose that she marry him or another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who forcibly abducts a female for purpose of gain or for purpose to cause her to commit an obscene act or submit to sexual intercourse shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one thousand yuan may be imposed.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the two preceding paragraphs is punishable.

Article 299
A person who transports a forcibly abducted person specified in the preceding article beyond the territory of the Republic of China shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than five years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable

Article 300
A person who accepts, conceals or causes to be concealed a forcibly abducted person for purpose of gain or for purpose that such an abducted person commit an obscene act or have sexual intercourse shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five yeas; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred yuan may be imposed.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.

Article 301
A person who commits an offense specified in one of the articles, 298 through 300, and who returns the abducted person or reveals the location of the person resulting in his recovery before a judgment has been pronounced may have his punishment reduced.

Article 302
A person who without authority takes another into custody or by other illegal means deprives him of his freedom of movement shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than five years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred yuan.
If death results from the commission of the offense, the offender shall be punished with life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than seven years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.

Article 303
A person who commits an offense specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of the preceding article against his lineal blood ascendant shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by increasing it up to one half.

Article 304
A person who by violence or threats causes another to do a thing which he has no obligation to do or who prevents another from doing a thing that he has the right to do shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine or not more than three hundred yuan.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.

Article 305
A person who threatens to cause injury to the life, body, freedom, reputation, or property of another and thereby endangers his safety shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred yuan.

Article 306
A person who without reason enters a dwelling house or structure of another, the adjacent or surrounding grounds, or a vessel belonging to another shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred yuan.
A person who without reason conceals himself in the property specified in the preceding paragraph or refuses to leave upon request shall be subject to the same punishment.

Article 307
A person who searches a person, dwelling house, structure, vessel, carriage or aircraft of another contrary to law or order shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred yuan.

Article 308
Prosecution for an offense specified in one of the articles, 298 through 306, may be instituted only upon complaint.
If the offense is one specified in paragraph 1 of Article 298, a complaint may not be made contrary to the will of the abducted person.



第 二六 章 妨害自由罪
第 296 條 使人為奴隸或使人居於類似奴隸之不自由地位者，處一年以上七年以下有
期徒刑。
前項之未遂犯罰之。

第 296-1 條 買賣、質押人口者，處五年以上有期徒刑，得併科五十萬元以下罰金。
意圖使人為性交或猥褻之行為而犯前項之罪者，處七年以上有期徒刑，得
併科五十萬元以下罰金。
以強暴、脅迫、恐嚇、監控、藥劑、催眠術或其他違反本人意願之方法犯
前二項之罪者，加重其刑至二分之一。
媒介、收受、藏匿前三項被買賣、質押之人或使之隱避者，處一年以上七
年以下有期徒刑，得併科三十萬元以下罰金。
公務員包庇他人犯前四項之罪者，依各該項之規定加重其刑至二分之一。
第一項至第三項之未遂犯罰之。

第 297 條 意圖營利，以詐術使人出中華民國領域外者，處三年以上十年以下有期徒
刑，得併科三十萬元以下罰金。
前項之未遂犯罰之。

第 298 條 意圖使婦女與自己或他人結婚而略誘之者，處五年以下有期徒刑。
意圖營利、或意圖使婦女為猥褻之行為或性交而略誘之者，處一年以上七
年以下有期徒刑，得併科一千元以下罰金。
前二項之未遂犯罰之。

第 299 條 移送前條被略誘人出中華民國領域外者，處五年以上有期徒刑。
前項之未遂犯罰之。

第 300 條 意圖營利，或意圖使被略誘人為猥褻之行為或性交，而收受、藏匿被略誘
人或使之隱避者，處六月以上五年以下有期徒刑，得併科五百元以下罰金
。
前項之未遂犯罰之。

第 301 條 犯第二百九十八條至第三百條之罪，於裁判宣告前，送回被誘人或指明所
在地因而尋獲者，得減輕其刑。

第 302 條 私行拘禁或以其他非法方法，剝奪人之行動自由者，處五年以下有期徒刑
、拘役或三百元以下罰金。
因而致人於死者，處無期徒刑或七年以上有期徒刑，致重傷者，處三年以
上十年以下有期徒刑。
第一項之未遂犯罰之。

第 303 條 對於直系血親尊親屬犯前條第一項或第二項之罪者，加重其刑至二分之一
。

第 304 條 以強暴、脅迫使人行無義務之事或妨害人行使權利者，處三年以下有期徒
刑、拘役或三百元以下罰金。
前項之未遂犯罰之。

第 305 條 以加害生命、身體、自由、名譽、財產之事，恐嚇他人致生危害於安全者
，處二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或三百元以下罰金。

第 306 條 無故侵入他人住宅、建築物或附連圍繞之土地或船艦者，處一年以下有期
徒刑、拘役或三百元以下罰金。
無故隱匿其內，或受退去之要求而仍留滯者，亦同。

第 307 條 不依法令搜索他人身體、住宅、建築物、舟、車或航空機者，處二年以下
有期徒刑、拘役或三百元以下罰金。

第 308 條 第二百九十八條及第三百零六條之罪，須告訴乃論。
第二百九十八條第一項之罪，其告訴以不違反被略誘人之意思為限。

chapter 24

中華民國刑法
Chapter 24
Offenses of Abortion

Article 288
A pregnant woman who by taking drugs or by other means causes her abortion shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than six months, detentionshort-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than one hundred yuan.
A pregnant woman who permits another to cause her abortion shall be subject to same punishment.
If the commission of an offense specified in one of the two preceding paragraphs is necessary because of sickness or for averting an aversion of danger to life, the punishment shall be remitted.

Article 289
A person who at the request or with the consent of a pregnant woman causes her abortion shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than two years.
If the commission of the offense results in the death of the woman, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months andbut not more than five years; if serious bodily harmaggravated assaultinjury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years.

Article 290
A person who for the purposepurpose of gain commits an offense specified in paragraph 1 of the preceding article shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than six months butand not more than five year; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred yuan may be imposed.
If the commission of the offense results in the death of the woman, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three yearsand but not more than ten years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred yuan may be imposed; if serious bodily harmaggravated assaultinjury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year butand not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred yuan may be imposed.

Article 291
A person who without the request or consent of a pregnant woman causes her abortion shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than one year butand not more than seven years.
If the commission of the offense results in the death of the woman, the offender shall be punished with life imprisonment for life or fixed-term imprisonment for not less than seven years; if serious bodily harmaggravated assaultinjury results, the offender shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not less than three years butand not more than ten years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.

Article 292
A person who by writing, drawing or other means publicly advertises a method orf thing to be used for abortion or who offers the services of himself or of another for abortion shall be punished with fixed-term imprisonment for not more than one year or detentionshort-term imprisonment; in lieu thereof, or in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one thousand yuan may be imposed.

第 二 編 分則



第 二四 章 墮胎罪
第 288 條
懷胎婦女服藥或以他法墮胎者，處六月以下有期徒刑、拘役或一百元以下
罰金。
懷胎婦女聽從他人墮胎者，亦同。
因疾病或其他防止生命上危險之必要，而犯前二項之罪者，免除其刑。
第 289 條
受懷胎婦女之囑託或得其承諾，而使之墮胎者，處二年以下有期徒刑。
因而致婦女於死者，處六月以上五年以下有期徒刑。致重傷者，處三年以
下有期徒刑。
第 290 條
意圖營利，而犯前條第一項之罪者，處六月以上五年以下有期徒刑，得併
科五百元以下罰金。
因而致婦女於死者，處三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，得併科五百元以下罰
金。致重傷者，處一年以上七年以下有期徒刑，得併科五百元以下罰金。
第 291 條
未受懷胎婦女之囑託或未得其承諾，而使之墮胎者，處一年以上七年以下
有期徒刑。
因而致婦女於死者，處無期徒刑或七年以上有期徒刑。致重傷者，處三年
以上十年以下有期徒刑。
第一項之未遂犯罰之。
第 292 條
以文字、圖畫或他法，公然介紹墮胎之方法或物品，或公然介紹自己或他
人為墮胎之行為者，處一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或科或併科一千元以下罰
金。

The International Criminal Court, ICC 國際刑事法院

The International Criminal Court, ICC筆記
國際刑事法院研究

背景
800多個非政府組織與國際法專家之推動
WWII期間殘暴犯行
目的:處理個人是否可以作為國際犯罪之主體。
解決:個人侵害國際法法益之問題。
1994國際法委員會，向UN提出國際刑事法院的公約草案。

與國際法院之區別
國際法院:
只處理國家間之爭端，依據聯合國憲章第92條成立。主要功能:依據當事國提交、聯合國憲章與國際條約之規定，扮演解決、解釋角色。

國際刑事法院:
可以處理個人犯罪問題(18歲以上之自然人)。

成立之法源依據
1998.7.17羅馬召開外交使節會議
the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court
(160國、超過1000多非政府組織等參加)
通過羅馬公約
1998.7 The Rome Statute of the Internatioanl Criminal Court
2002生效
美國未加入  國際刑事法庭公約

與非締約國之關係
可透過安理會管轄。


國際法之主體地位
ＷＷII之後之通說，包含:
一、國家
二、國際組織
個人能否成為國際法適用對象，仍有爭議。
所以ICC之主體地位，藉此被肯定。

國際法原則:
自制
遵守

國際法效力:
國際間沒有有效之強制力。

ICC特色:
一、具備法人格(國際法律人格)
(一)有締約能力__藉此強化國際社會主體性。
(二)特定任務之代表之派遣
(三)以ICC名義向加害者求償，命加害者負擔刑事責任。
(四)召集國際會議
(五)得訂特權與豁免公約。
二、永久性組織
三、獨立於會員國外
四、刑罰種類不包括死刑

組織架構

一、大會(締約國大會)
(一)主席1、副主席2、成員國18名，均認期三年。
(二)每年至少應召開一次會議
(三)拖欠相當或超過兩年之分攤款，喪失表決權。

二、司法單位
院長室: 3位法官組成。
法庭:
1.審前法庭 The Pre-Trial Divison (至少6名法官)
2.一審法庭 The Trial Division (至少6名法官)
3.上訴法庭 The Appeals Division(至少4名法官)

法官資格:
1.會員國提民。
2.會員國公民。每個國家僅限一名。
3.大會，出席會員國2/3多數票當選。
4.共18名法官。
5.院長、副院長由法官互選出。

判決
1.要宣告
2.書面，具理由。
3.可對法律問題書不同意見。
4.多數決
5.評議內容:永久保密。
6.不一致情形:判決內容應包括多數意見、少數意見。摘要應該公開宣布。

三、檢調單位
(一)檢察官辦公室 The Office of the Prosecutor
為單獨機關
(二)獨立性
獨立調查。檢察官辦公室成員不得尋求任何外來指示或按外來指示行事。(申育誠，2003，p83)

(三)檢察官資格
大會無記名絕對多數選出
任期9年，不得連任

四、秘書處 The Registry
為法院之主要行政官
(一)秘書長:無記名絕對多數選出

任期5年，得連任1次
(二)下設: 被害人與證人股
與檢察官辦公室協商
提供V&W相關保護、諮詢等



管轄對象
一、罪名:
種族滅絕、危害人類、戰爭與侵略罪。(羅第5條)
(一)種族滅絕The Crime of Genocide
相關公約:
1.1945追訴、處罰重大的戰爭犯罪人相關之倫敦協定
2.1948日內瓦公約第2條(集體殺害指意圖全部或部分傷害國民、人種、民族、宗教團體)
3.1949 UN:防止及懲治滅絕種族罪公約。

(二)危害人類罪 Crimes against humanity
定義:有系統地攻擊平民
相關公約:
1.1967領土庇護宣言:不能庇護
2.1968戰爭罪與為害人類罪，不適用法定時效公約。__永遠不能免責。
3.1973關於偵查、逮捕、引渡和懲治戰爭罪犯與危害人類罪的國際合作原則。UN(28th大會)2187決議。
(三)戰爭罪 War Crimes
相關公約:

1.1945追訴、處罰重大的戰爭犯罪人相關之倫敦協定
(四)侵略罪 The Crime of aggression
相關決議:
UN General Assembly Resolution 3314: Definition of Aggression 第1條
1.侵略罪之認定全由安理會處理。
2.此時，侵害國際法法益者為國家(非個人)。是以，立法與執行，均困難。




二、管轄:
(一)適用普世司法管轄權Universal Jurisdiction__普遍性管轄權
1.歷史紀錄:
1993聯合國安理會設置國際法庭(南斯拉夫)
1994聯合國安理會設置國際法庭(盧安達)安理會第978號決議
2000塞內加爾引用 普世司法管轄權起訴查德流亡前總統 Hissein Habre
(二)補充性管轄: (管轄權補充原則)
1.無法管轄、管轄衝突時不願意管轄:才有管轄權。
2.締約國願意接受管轄。
3.針對特定事件接受管轄之非締約國。
(三)遵守一事不再理原則
1. 他國審理過，ICC即不再審理
2. ICC審理過，他國法院亦不得以同一罪名再審理。

三、適用法律之一般原則
(一)罪行法定主義(羅22、23條)
(二)不朔及既往原則
(三)個人刑事責任原則(羅25條)__個人國際刑事責任。
(四)官方身分不免除責任原則(羅27條)
(五)指揮官與其他上級責任原則(羅28條)
(陸)不適用時效原則(羅29條)

四、適用法律之次序
(國際刑事法院公約21條)
1.優先適用本公約
2.適用國際條約與國際法原則
3.有管轄權國家之國內法原則
 

相關資料來源:
1.申育誠，國際刑事法院之研究，2003，聯合國研究獎助論文，新世紀智庫論壇第24期，p79-95
2. ICC官網: http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/
3.羅馬公約全文:

http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/ADD16852-AEE9-4757-ABE7-9CDC7CF02886/283503/RomeStatutEng1.pdf

4.The Rules of Procedure and Evidence;
http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/F1E0AC1C-A3F3-4A3C-B9A7-B3E8B115E886/140164/Rules_of_procedure_and_Evidence_English.pdf






BY Wanli YANG 整理
2010.10.08

Integrity and Ethics Directions for Civil Servants

Integrity and Ethics Directions for Civil Servants
公務員廉政倫理規範

1. The Executive Yuan (hereinafter referred as “the Yuan”) has set the Directions specifically for guiding the civil servants to execute duties with integrity, fairness and lawful administration, which shall improve the Government's image of integrity.
2. The terminologies used under this Directions are defined as follows:
(1) “Civil servant” refers to personnel applicable to the “Civil Service Act.”
(2) “Interest to the duty” refers to one of the following situations between the individual, legal person, organization or other unit with the Authority or subordinate authority:
1. Relationship of business transaction, supervision or subsidy.
2. Relationship of searching, proceeding or completed setting of contract, trading or other agreements.
3. Other incidence that will receive beneficial or adverse influence due to decision, execution or non-execution of business under the Authority.
(3) “Normal standard of social etiquette” refers to social interaction between common people with market value under NT$3,000 (Three Thousand New Taiwan Dollars Only). The gift received from the same source in the same year is limited to NT$10,000 (Ten Thousand New Taiwan Dollars Only).
(4) “Civil service etiquette” refers to activity made according to politeness, habit or custom during domestic (foreign) interview, foreign guest reception, promotion, communication and coordination based on civil requirements.
(5) “Entreating or lobbying” refers to the action take for content of certain matter involves with decision, execution or non-execution of practical business under the Authority or subordinate authority, which may cause illegal or improper concern that might affect specific rights and duties.
3. The civil servants shall follow laws to execute duties impartially and base on the public interests. The attempt to gain improper benefit for oneself or third party via occupational power, method and opportunity is prohibited.
4. The civil servants may not request, make expected agreement of or receive gift from person of material interest to such servant's duty. However, the gift can be accepted under any of the following situation that is occasional and not affecting the specific right and duty:
(1) Civil etiquette.
(2) Bonus, assistance or consolation from the supervisor.
(3) The market value of gift received shall be less than NT$500 (Five Hundred New Taiwan Dollars Only). For gift to multi personnel in the Authority, the total market value shall be less than NT$1,000 (One Thousand New Taiwan Dollars Only).
(4) Gift with market value less than normal standard of social etiquette, which is given for engagement, marriage, birth, moving (to new residence), inauguration, promoted transfer, retirement, resignation, separation, as well as injury, illness or death of the personnel, spouse or immediate relative.
5. Upon occurrence of civil servant receiving gift, the matter shall be processed according to following procedures:
(1) Except for exceptions mentioned above, gift with material interest to the duty shall be rejected or returned, as well as reported to the supervisor and notified to the Government Employee Ethics Units. If return of gift is not possible, the matter shall be transferred to the Government Employee Ethics Units for process within 3 days since the date of receipt.
(2) Except for relatives or friends of usual contact, gift without material interest to the duty but exceeding normal standard of social etiquette in market value shall be reported to the supervisor within 3 days since the date of receipt. If necessary, the matter shall be notified to the Government Employee Ethics Units.
Each Government Employee Ethics Units shall propose methods of receipt, nationalization, transfer to charity agencies (institutes) or other adequate suggestions depending on the property and value of gift, which is executed after reporting to the Director of Agency for approval.
6. The following situations are deemed as gift received by the civil servant:
(1) Gift received in the name of civil servant’s spouse, immediate relative by blood, family members of common property and residence.
(2) Gift received via third parted and then transferred to the civil servant or person mentioned above.
7. The civil servant may not attend social gathering with material interest to his/her duty except for and not limited to one of the following incidences:
(1) The attendance is necessary due to civil etiquette.
(2) The event is held due to traditional festival and open to the public.
(3) Bonus or recognition from the supervisor.
(4) The event is held for engagement, marriage, birth, moving (to new residence), inauguration, promoted transfer, retirement, resignation, separation and not exceeding normal standard of social etiquette.
Although the social gathering has no material interest to the civil duty, the civil servant shall still avoid such event if not appropriate to the identity and duty.
8. In case of inspection, investigation, business trip or conference, the civil servant may not accept dinning or gathering invitation from relevant agency other than necessary meals, accommodation and transportation during execution of civil affairs unless necessary.
9. In occurrence of situation stated under Subparagraph 1 or 2, Paragraph 1, Point 7, the civil servant can only attend such event after reporting to the supervisor for approval and notifying the Government Employee Ethics Units.
10. Upon entreating or lobbying, the civil servant shall report to the supervisor and notify the Government Employee Ethics Units within 3 days.
11. After receiving notification of gift, social gathering, entreating or lobbying or other matters related to the integrity and ethics, the Government Employee Ethics Units of each agency shall register and create a new file immediately.
12. Unless required by the law otherwise, the civil servant may not take other part-time job of civil service or business.
13. For civil servant that attend event such as speech, symposium, seminar and judging, the hourly remuneration received may not exceed NT$5,000 (Five Thousand New Taiwan Dollars Only).
For civil servant that attend event mentioned above, the additional document fees received may not exceed NT$2,000 (Two Thousand New Taiwan Dollars Only).
If the event attended is held or invited by party with material interest to the duty, the civil servant can only attend such event after reporting to the supervisor for approval and notifying the Government Employee Ethics Units for registration.
14. In respect to the requirement under the Directions for reporting to the supervisor and notifying the Government Employee Ethics Units, the Director of the agency shall notify the Government Employee Ethics Units himself/herself.
15. The civil servant shall strive to avoid involvement of monetary loan, gathering invitation or participation, as well as property or identity guarantor. If necessary, the Government Employee Ethics Units shall be notified.
The agency directors and unit supervisors shall enhance the audit on subordinates’ ethics. Finding of abnormal finance or living shall be reacted and processed immediately.
16. The Government Employee Ethics Units of each agency shall assign specific personnel to undertake explanation of the Directions and case description, as well as providing other ethics and integrity consultation services. Any doubt occurs during the consultation shall be reported to the higher level of Government Employee Ethics Units for process.
The higher level of Government Employee Ethics Units mentioned above refers to the Government Employee Ethics Units of agency directly above the agency that accepts the consultation. The agency without higher authority will execute the power of higher agency regulated by the Directions.
The agency without higher authority refers to the first level agencies.
17. For matters specified under the Directions to be processed by the Government Employee Ethics Units, if such unit is not provided, the matter shall be processed by the personnel that is concurrently in charge with the ethic affairs or appointed by the Director.
18. The civil servant violating the Directions and verified to be true after investigation will receive punishment according to relevant regulations. If criminal liability is involved, the matter will be transferred to the justice unit for prosecution.
19. Each unit may set stricter regulations on various standards set under the Directions and other matters of integrity and ethics depending on the necessity.
20. Other central and local authorities outside of the Yuan may apply regulations of the Directions.

公務員廉政倫理規範

公務員廉政倫理規範
1.中華民國九十七年六月二十六日行政院院臺法字第 0970087013 號函訂定發布全文20點；並定自九十七年八月ㄧ日生效
2.中華民國九十九年七月三十日行政院院臺法字第0990040576號函修正公布全文21點，並自即日生效
一、行政院（以下簡稱本院）為使所屬公務員執行職務，廉潔自持、公正無私及依法行政，並提升政府之清廉形象，特訂定本規範。
二、本規範用詞，定義如下：
（一）公務員：指適用公務員服務法之人員。
（二）與其職務有利害關係：指個人、法人、團體或其他單位與本機關（構）或其所屬機關（構）間，具有下列情形之一者：
1、業務往來、指揮監督或費用補(獎）助等關係。
2、正在尋求、進行或已訂立承攬、買賣或其他契約關係。
3、其他因本機關（構）業務之決定、執行或不執行，將遭受有利或不利之影響。
（三）正常社交禮俗標準：指一般人社交往來，市價不超過新臺幣三千元者。但同一年度來自同一來源受贈財物以新臺幣一萬元為限。
（四）公務禮儀：指基於公務需要，在國內（外）訪問、接待外賓、推動業務及溝通協調時，依禮貌、慣例或習俗所為之活動。
（五）請託關說：指其內容涉及本機關（構）或所屬機關（構）業務具體事項之決定、執行或不執行，且因該事項之決定、執行或不執行致有違法或不當而影響特定權利義務之虞。
三、公務員應依法公正執行職務，以公共利益為依歸，不得假借職務上之權力、方法、機會圖本人或第三人不正之利益。
四、公務員不得要求、期約或收受與其職務有利害關係者餽贈財物。但有下列情形之一，且係偶發而無影響特定權利義務之虞時，得受贈之：
（一）屬公務禮儀。
（二）長官之獎勵、救助或慰問。
（三）受贈之財物市價在新臺幣五百元以下；或對本機關（構）內多數人為餽贈，其市價總額在新臺幣一千元以下。
（四）因訂婚、結婚、生育、喬遷、就職、陞遷異動、退休、辭職、離職及本人、配偶或直系親屬之傷病、死亡受贈之財物，其市價不超過正常社交禮俗標準。
五、公務員遇有受贈財物情事，應依下列程序處理：
（一）與其職務有利害關係者所為之餽贈，除前點但書規定之情形外，應予拒絕或退還，並簽報其長官及知會政風機構；無法退還時，應於受贈之日起三日內，交政風機構處理。
（二）除親屬或經常交往朋友外，與其無職務上利害關係者所為之餽贈，市價超過正常社交禮俗標準時，應於受贈之日起三日內，簽報其長官，必要時並知會政風機構。
各機關（構）之政風機構應視受贈財物之性質及價值，提出付費收受、歸公、轉贈慈善機構或其他適當建議，簽報機關首長核定後執行。
六、下列情形推定為公務員之受贈財物：
（一）以公務員配偶、直系血親、同財共居家屬之名義收受者。
（二）藉由第三人收受後轉交公務員本人或前款之人者。
七、公務員不得參加與其職務有利害關係者之飲宴應酬。但有下列情形之ㄧ者，不在此限：
（一）因公務禮儀確有必要參加。
（二）因民俗節慶公開舉辦之活動且邀請一般人參加。
（三）屬長官對屬員之獎勵、慰勞。
（四）因訂婚、結婚、生育、喬遷、就職、陞遷異動、退休、辭職、離職等所舉辦之活動，而未超過正常社交禮俗標準。
公務員受邀之飲宴應酬，雖與其無職務上利害關係，而與其身分、職務顯不相宜者，仍應避免。
八、公務員除因公務需要經報請長官同意，或有其他正當理由者外，不得涉足不妥當之場所。
公務員不得與其職務有利害關係之相關人員為不當接觸。
九、公務員於視察、調查、出差或參加會議等活動時，不得在茶點及執行公務確有必要之簡便食宿、交通以外接受相關機關（構）飲宴或其他應酬活動。
十、公務員遇有第七點第一項第一款或第二款情形，應簽報長官核准並知會政風機構後始得參加。
十一、公務員遇有請託關說時，應於三日內簽報其長官並知會政風機構。
十二、各機關（構）之政風機構受理受贈財物、飲宴應酬、請託關說或其他涉及廉政倫理事件之知會或通知後，應即登錄建檔。
十三、公務員除依法令規定外，不得兼任其他公職或業務。
十四、公務員出席演講、座談、研習及評審（選）等活動，支領鐘點費每小時不得超過新臺幣五千元。
公務員參加前項活動，另有支領稿費者，每千字不得超過新臺幣二千元。
公務員參加第一項活動，如屬與其職務有利害關係者籌辦或邀請，應先簽報其長官核准及知會政風機構登錄後始得前往。
十五、本規範所定應知會政風機構並簽報其長官之規定，於機關（構）首長，應逕行通知政風機構。
十六、公務員應儘量避免金錢借貸、邀集或參與合會、擔任財物或身分之保證人。如確有必要者，應知會政風機構。
機關（構）首長及單位主管應加強對屬員之品德操守考核，發現有財務異常、生活違常者，應立即反應及處理。
十七、各機關（構）之政風機構應指派專人，負責本規範之解釋、個案說明及提供其他廉政倫理諮詢服務。受理諮詢業務，如有疑義得送請上一級政風機構處理。
前項所稱上一級政風機構，指受理諮詢機關（構）直屬之上一級機關政風機構，其無上級機關者，由該機關（構）執行本規範所規定上級機關之職權。
前項所稱無上級機關者，指本院所屬各一級機關。
十八、本規範所定應由政風機構處理之事項，於未設政風機構者，由兼辦政風業務人員或其首長指定之人員處理。
十九、公務員違反本規範經查證屬實者，依相關規定懲處；其涉及刑事責任者，移送司法機關辦理。
二十、各機關(構)得視需要，對本規範所定之各項標準及其他廉政倫理事項，訂定更嚴格之規範。
二十一、本院以外其他中央及地方機關（構），得準用本規範之規定。

ICCPR

Article 14 ICCPR
公民權利與政治權利國際公約
1. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children. 　　
人人在法院與法庭之前一律平等。在決定提出任何刑事指控或確定該人在訴訟案中之權利與義務時，人人有資格由一個依法設立的適格的、獨立的與無偏頗之法庭進行公正與公開的聽審。基於民主社會中的道德的、公共秩序或國家安全之理由，或當訴訟當事人的私生活利益有此需要時，或在特殊情況下法庭認為公開審判會損害司法利益因而嚴格需要的限度下，可不使記者與公眾出席全部或部分審判；但對刑事案件或法律訴訟的任何判刑決應公開宣佈，但少年的利益另有要求或者訴訟系有關兒童監護權的婚姻爭端，則不在此限。

2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
2.凡受刑事控告者，在未依法證實有罪之前，應有權被推定無罪。 3. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
3.在決定對他提出任何刑事指控時，人人完全平等地有資格享受以下的最低限度的保障： (a) To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;
(a)迅速以一種他懂得的語言詳細地告知對他提出的指控之性質與原因；
(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;
(b)有相當時間與便利(設施)準備他的辯護，並與他自己所選任之律師聯絡。 (c) To be tried without undue delay;
(c)受審時間不被無故拖延； (d) To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
(d)出席受審，並親自替自己辯護，或經由他自己所選擇之法律援助(律師)進行辯護；如果他沒有法律援助(律師)，要通知他享有該項權利；在司法利益有此需要之案件中，為他指定法律援助(律師)，而在他沒有足夠能力償付法律援助(律師費用)的案件中，不要他自己付費；
(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(e)詰問或業已詰問對其不利之證人，並使對其有利之證人在與對其不利之證人相同的條件下出庭與受詰問； (f) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court;
(f)如他不懂或不會說法庭上所用之語言，能免費獲得譯員之協助； (g) Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.
(g)不被強迫作不利於己之證言或強迫承認犯罪。
4. In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their rehabilitation.
4.在少年的案件，程序上應考量到他們的年齡與幫助（促使）他們重新做人(復歸)之需要。
5. Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law. 5.凡被判決有罪者，應有權由一個較高級的法庭對其所定之罪與刑罰依法進行復審。
6. When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.
6.在依最終判決已被判定刑事犯罪，而隨後依據新的或新發現的事實確實表明發生誤審，其罪名被推翻或被赦免的情況下，因這種定罪而受有刑罰之人應依法得到賠償，除非經證明當時不知道之事實的未被及時揭露完全是或部分是基於他（被告）自己的緣故。
7. No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.
7.任何人已依一國的法律及刑事程序被最終地定罪或宣告無罪者，不得就同一罪名再予審判或懲罰。


2010.8.22
By Wanli Yang

聯合國人權理事會 UN Human Rights Council

聯合國人權機構

（一）聯合國人權理事會 ( UN Human Rights Council )

第二次大戰後，聯合國希望以「國際人權組織」的方式，打造人權保護的全球性機制。

聯合國經社理事會於1946年4月通過決議設立人權委員會（Commission on Human Rights），在當時此一機構僅有研究及起草條約的功能，「世界人權宣言」、「政治與公民權利公約」及「經濟、社會和文化權利公約」等一系列重要聯合國文件皆由該「人權委員會」所起草，惟在1960年以前聯合國會員國對於人權議題表現並不積極，對於利用聯合國解決人權議題，更抱持極低的期望。

此一情況在1959年後有了顯著的改善。經社理事會於1959年、1967年及1979年三次通過決議，為「人權委員會」擴張了權力。人權委員會權限的擴大，反映了1970年代後聯合國對於人權事務態度的轉變，此一特點是聯合國對於人權事務，採取了更為主動與積極整合的態度。

「聯合國人權委員會」除設立「防止歧視及保護少數小組委員會」（Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities）為其附屬機構外，並透過設置人權問題「特別報告員制度」（Special Rapporteur）及「工作小組制度」（working group），以專題方式處理某項受侵害人權案件，或在特定國家或地區調查侵害人權的狀況，並積極以各種方式達到保護人權的目的。

人權委員會權限的擴大，也使得該委員會在聯合國人權機構的地位及作用不斷提升，並成為已開發與開發中國家意見對立的場所。

聯合國人權委員會（1946-2006）（簡稱人權委員會；United Nations Commission on Human Rights，UNCHR）是聯合國系統框架下的功能委員會。它是聯合國「經濟社會理事會」的職司委員會，它也幫助聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處（Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights）開展工作。人權委員會是聯合國系統審議人權問題的最主要機構之一，它的主要職責是：根據《聯合國憲章》宗旨和原則，在人權領域進行專題研究、提出建議和起草國際人權文書並提交聯合國大會。

在2006年3月15日，聯合國大會(the General Assembly; GA) 壓倒性地通過以聯合國人權理事會(UN Human Rights Council)取代人權委員會(Commission on Human Rights)。因此目前聯合國人權理事會，乃直屬於聯合國大會下。

新的人權理事會擁有47個席位：亞洲13席、非洲13席、東歐6席、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地區8席、西歐及其他國家集團7席。在選舉理事會成員時，必須考慮候選國在促進和保護人權方面所作的貢獻。理事會成員國每屆任期3年，最多可連任一次。經三分之二成員國同意，聯合國大會可中止嚴重違反人權的國家的人權理事會成員資格。

理事會成員由聯大秘密投票選舉産生，必須獲半數以上會員國支援才能當選，任期3年，只能連選連任一屆。理事會每年在日內瓦舉行3次會議，其中一次為主要會議，會期總計不少於10周。此外，應理事會成員要求，獲1/3成員（16國）支援，理事會可舉行特別會議。迄今，人權理事會共召開11次正式會議，並就巴勒斯坦被占領土、蘇丹達爾富爾、斯裏蘭卡人權問題和金融危機等問題舉行11次特別會議。

根據聯合國大會第60/251號決議，理事會職能主要包括：促進對所有人人權與基本自由的普遍尊重；處理侵犯人權情況並提出建議；推動各國全面履行人權義務；推動聯合國系統人權主流化；在與會員國協商同意後，幫助會員國加強人權能力建設，促進人權教育並提供技術援助；提供人權問題專題對話論壇；向聯合國大會提出進一步發展國際人權法的建議；向聯合國大會提交年度報告等。決議授權理事會在一年內對人權委員會原有工作機制和方法進行全面評估和改革，制定未來工作方法和運作規則。
2007年6月19日人權理事會如期完成建章立制工作，確立了普遍定期審議、人權特別機制、專家咨詢機制、來文申訴機制的運作方式，並制定了理事會議程、工作方法和議事規則。

（二）人權理事會咨詢委員會（The Human Rights Council Advisory Committee）
根據經社理事會1946年6月21日第9(Ⅱ)號決議，聯合國人權會設立“防止歧視和保護少數小組委員會”(Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities)。1999年7月27日，經社理事會決定將其更名為“促進和保護人權小組委員會”(Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights，簡稱“人權小組會”)。

人權小組會係人權委員會下屬機構，主要職能是對有關重要人權問題進行研究並向人權委員會提出報告。人權小組會由26名以個人身份工作的獨立專家組成。

聯合國人權理事會成立後，決定成立咨詢委員會取代人權小組會。該委員會基本繼承人權小組會職能，負責從事人權專題研究並向理事會提出咨詢意見。委員會由18名獨立專家組成，遵循公平地域分配原則，亞洲、非洲組各5名，拉美、西方組各3名，東歐組2名。聯合國所有會員國均可提名人選，由理事會選舉産生，任期3年，可連任1次。每年開兩次會議，總會期不超過10天。與原人權小組會不同的是，委員會不得通過任何決議或決定。

（三）聯合國人權事務高級專員（簡稱“人權高專”, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights）及聯合國人權高級專員辦事處（Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; OHCHR）
       係根據1993年聯大第48/141號決議設立，是聯合國係統內負責人權事務的最高行政長官，副秘書長級。由聯合國秘書長任命，經聯合國大會核准産生。人權高專主要負責協調聯合國在人權領域的活動，任期四年，可連任一次。
　　1997年10月，第52屆聯大通過聯合國秘書長安南提出的對聯合國人權秘書處進行改組的方案，將原聯合國人權中心併入聯合國人權高級專員辦事處，負責聯合國人權領域的技術支援工作，總部設在日內瓦，並在紐約聯合國總部設辦事處。2005年9月，聯合國60周年首長會議通過成果文件，決定加強人權高專辦公室的工作。目前，高專辦設有8個地區辦事處和11個國家辦事處，並在聯合國17項和平行動中派駐人權官員。

（四）人權公約監督機構（Treaty-based Bodies）

人權公約監督機構係根據人權公約規定所設立，負責審查、監督締約國執行公約情況。目前聯合國共有八個人權公約監督機構，分別是：
1.根據《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》設立的“人權事務委員會”;
2.經社理事會為監督《經濟、社會及文化權利國際公約》執行情況設立的“經濟、社會及文化權利委員會”；
3.根據《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》設立的“消除種族歧視委員會”；
4.根據《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》設立的“消除對婦女歧視委員會”；
5.根據《禁止酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約》設立的“禁止酷刑委員會”；
6.根據《兒童權利公約》設立的“兒童權利委員會”；
7.根據《保護所有遷徙工人及其家庭成員權利國際公約》設立的“保護所有遷徙工人及其家庭成員權利委員會”；
8.根據《殘疾人權利公約》設立的“殘疾人權利委員會”。

（五）非政府組織委員會（Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations）
非政府組織委員會係聯合國經社理事會（以下簡稱“經社會”）下屬常設委員會，根據經社會決議于1946年成立，最初由中國、法國、英國、蘇聯、美國5國組成。1950年，巴基斯坦和秘魯加入委員會，1966年擴大至13國。1981年7月，經社會決定將委員會從13個增至19個，由5個非洲國家、4個亞洲國家、4個拉美國家、4個西方國家和2個東歐國家組成。成員任期最初為一年，從1975年起改至四年，每四年改選一次，可連選連任。

委員會成員目前為中國、美國、俄羅斯、英國、安哥拉、布隆迪、埃及、幾內亞、蘇丹、印度、巴基斯坦、卡塔爾、羅馬尼亞、哥倫比亞、古巴、多米尼克、秘魯、以色列和土耳其。

該委員會是聯合國體制內唯一審議非政府組織申請聯合國經社會咨商地位、討論制定非政府組織行為規範等問題之機構。每年召開兩次會議。根據聯合國經社會1996/31號決議有關規定，經社會咨商地位分三類：全面、特別和名冊。獲得咨商地位的非政府組織可以觀察員身份列席經社會及其下屬機構會議。截至目前，共有3195個非政府組織獲得經社會咨商地位。



資料來源:
1.http://thesaurus.babylon.com/united%20nations%20commission%20on%20human%20rights
2.林季蓉，聯合國人權委員會組織及其運作之研究，2002論文摘要。
3.維基百科，http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A
4.http://big5.fmprc.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/pds/gjhdq/gjhdqzz/lhg/jbqk/t358601.htm
5.聯合國, http://www.un.org/
6.聯合國組織結構:http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml




2010.8.15 Wanli YANG 整理
citation:
楊婉莉(2010),聯合國人權機構,The Taiwanese legal research method in cyberspace ( http://wanliyang.blogspot.tw/)

Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors

Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors
聯合國「檢察官角色準則」

Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and
the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990
Whereas in the Charter of the United Nations the peoples of the world affirm, inter alia , their determination to establish conditions under which justice can be maintained, and proclaim as one of their purposes the achievement of international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,

Whereas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines the principles of equality before the law, the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal,

Whereas frequently there still exists a gap between the vision underlying those principles and the actual situation,

Whereas the organization and administration of justice in every country should be inspired by those principles, and efforts undertaken to translate them fully into reality,

Whereas prosecutors play a crucial role in the administration of justice, and rules concerning the performance of their important responsibilities should promote their respect for and compliance with the above-mentioned principles, thus contributing to fair and equitable criminal justice and the effective protection of citizens against crime,

Whereas it is essential to ensure that prosecutors possess the professional qualifications required for the accomplishment of their functions, through improved methods of recruitment and legal and professional training, and through the provision of all necessary means for the proper performance of their role in combating criminality, particularly in its new forms and dimensions,

Whereas the General Assembly, by its resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979, adopted the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, on the recommendation of the Fifth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders,

Whereas in resolution 16 of the Sixth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, the Committee on Crime Prevention and Control was called upon to include among its priorities the elaboration of guidelines relating to the independence of judges and the selection, professional training and status of judges and prosecutors,

Whereas the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders adopted the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary, subsequently endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985,

Whereas the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power recommends measures to be taken at the international and national levels to improve access to justice and fair treatment, restitution, compensation and assistance for victims of crime,

Whereas , in resolution 7 of the Seventh Congress the Committee was called upon to consider the need for guidelines relating, inter alia , to the selection, professional training and status of prosecutors, their expected tasks and conduct, means to enhance their contribution to the smooth functioning of the criminal justice system and their cooperation with the police, the scope of their discretionary powers, and their role in criminal proceedings, and to report thereon to future United Nations congresses,

The Guidelines set forth below, which have been formulated to assist Member States in their tasks of securing and promoting the effectiveness, impartiality and fairness of prosecutors in criminal proceedings, should be respected and taken into account by Governments within the framework of their national legislation and practice, and should be brought to the attention of prosecutors, as well as other persons, such as judges, lawyers, members of the executive and the legislature and the public in general. The present Guidelines have been formulated principally with public prosecutors in mind, but they apply equally, as appropriate, to prosecutors appointed on an ad hoc basis.

Qualifications, selection and training
1. Persons selected as prosecutors shall be individuals of integrity and ability, with appropriate training and qualifications.

2. States shall ensure that:

( a ) Selection criteria for prosecutors embody safeguards against appointments based on partiality or prejudice, excluding any discrimination against a person on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, social or ethnic origin, property, birth, economic or other status, except that it shall not be considered discriminatory to require a candidate for prosecutorial office to be a national of the country concerned;

( b ) Prosecutors have appropriate education and training and should be made aware of the ideals and ethical duties of their office, of the constitutional and statutory protections for the rights of the suspect and the victim, and of human rights and fundamental freedoms recognized by national and international law.

Status and conditions of service
3. Prosecutors, as essential agents of the administration of justice, shall at all times maintain the honour and dignity of their profession.

4. States shall ensure that prosecutors are able to perform their professional functions without intimidation, hindrance, harassment, improper interference or unjustified exposure to civil, penal or other liability.

5. Prosecutors and their families shall be physically protected by the authorities when their personal safety is threatened as a result of the discharge of prosecutorial functions.

6. Reasonable conditions of service of prosecutors, adequate remuneration and, where applicable, tenure, pension and age of retirement shall be set out by law or published rules or regulations.

7. Promotion of prosecutors, wherever such a system exists, shall be based on objective factors, in particular professional qualifications, ability, integrity and experience, and decided upon in accordance with fair and impartial procedures.

Freedom of expression and association
8. Prosecutors like other citizens are entitled to freedom of expression, belief, association and assembly. In particular, they shall have the right to take part in public discussion of matters concerning the law, the administration of justice and the promotion and protection of human rights and to join or form local, national or international organizations and attend their meetings, without suffering professional disadvantage by reason of their lawful action or their membership in a lawful organization. In exercising these rights, prosecutors shall always conduct themselves in accordance with the law and the recognized standards and ethics of their profession.

9. Prosecutors shall be free to form and join professional associations or other organizations to represent their interests, to promote their professional training and to protect their status.

Role in criminal proceedings
10. The office of prosecutors shall be strictly separated from judicial functions.

11. Prosecutors shall perform an active role in criminal proceedings, including institution of prosecution and, where authorized by law or consistent with local practice, in the investigation of crime, supervision over the legality of these investigations, supervision of the execution of court decisions and the exercise of other functions as representatives of the public interest.

12. Prosecutors shall, in accordance with the law, perform their duties fairly, consistently and expeditiously, and respect and protect human dignity and uphold human rights, thus contributing to ensuring due process and the smooth functioning of the criminal justice system.

13. In the performance of their duties, prosecutors shall:

( a ) Carry out their functions impartially and avoid all political, social, religious, racial, cultural, sexual or any other kind of discrimination;

( b ) Protect the public interest, act with objectivity, take proper account of the position of the suspect and the victim, and pay attention to all relevant circumstances, irrespective of whether they are to the advantage or disadvantage of the suspect;

( c ) Keep matters in their possession confidential, unless the performance of duty or the needs of justice require otherwise;

( d ) Consider the views and concerns of victims when their personal interests are affected and ensure that victims are informed of their rights in accordance with the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power.

14. Prosecutors shall not initiate or continue prosecution, or shall make every effort to stay proceedings, when an impartial investigation shows the charge to be unfounded.

15. Prosecutors shall give due attention to the prosecution of crimes committed by public officials, particularly corruption, abuse of power, grave violations of human rights and other crimes recognized by international law and, where authorized by law or consistent with local practice, the investigation of such offences.

16. When prosecutors come into possession of evidence against suspects that they know or believe on reasonable grounds was obtained through recourse to unlawful methods, which constitute a grave violation of the suspect's human rights, especially involving torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or other abuses of human rights, they shall refuse to use such evidence against anyone other than those who used such methods, or inform the Court accordingly, and shall take all necessary steps to ensure that those responsible for using such methods are brought to justice.

Discretionary functions
17. In countries where prosecutors are vested with discretionary functions, the law or published rules or regulations shall provide guidelines to enhance fairness and consistency of approach in taking decisions in the prosecution process, including institution or waiver of prosecution.

Alternatives to prosecution
18. In accordance with national law, prosecutors shall give due consideration to waiving prosecution, discontinuing proceedings conditionally or unconditionally, or diverting criminal cases from the formal justice system, with full respect for the rights of suspect(s) and the victim(s). For this purpose, States should fully explore the possibility of adopting diversion schemes not only to alleviate excessive court loads, but also to avoid the stigmatization of pre-trial detention, indictment and conviction, as well as the possible adverse effects of imprisonment.

19. In countries where prosecutors are vested with discretionary functions as to the decision whether or not to prosecute a juvenile, special consideration shall be given to the nature and gravity of the offence, protection of society and the personality and background of the juvenile. In making that decision, prosecutors shall particularly consider available alternatives to prosecution under the relevant juvenile justice laws and procedures. Prosecutors shall use their best efforts to take prosecutory action against juveniles only to the extent strictly necessary.

Relations with other government agencies or institutions
20. In order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of prosecution, prosecutors shall strive to cooperate with the police, the courts, the legal profession, public defenders and other government agencies or institutions.

Disciplinary proceedings
21. Disciplinary offences of prosecutors shall be based on law or lawful regulations. Complaints against prosecutors which allege that they acted in a manner clearly out of the range of professional standards shall be processed expeditiously and fairly under appropriate procedures. Prosecutors shall have the right to a fair hearing. The decision shall be subject to independent review.

22. Disciplinary proceedings against prosecutors shall guarantee an objective evaluation and decision. They shall be determined in accordance with the law, the code of professional conduct and other established standards and ethics and in the light of the present Guidelines.

Observance of the Guidelines
23. Prosecutors shall respect the present Guidelines. They shall also, to the best of their capability, prevent and actively oppose any violations thereof.

24. Prosecutors who have reason to believe that a violation of the present Guidelines has occurred or is about to occur shall report the matter to their superior authorities and, where necessary, to other appropriate authorities or organs vested with reviewing or remedial power.

性別平等教育法 Gender Equity Education Act

Gender Equity Education Act 2004.06.23( Taiwan)
性別平等教育法

修正日期 民國 99 年 05 月 26 日

Chapter 1 General Provisions
第 一 章 總則
Article 1 　
This Act is prescribed in order to promote substantive gender equality, eliminate gender discrimination, uphold human dignity, and improve and establish education resources and environment of gender equality.
For matters not set forth in this Act, the relevant provisions of other laws shall govern.

第 1 條 　 為促進性別地位之實質平等，消除性別歧視，維護人格尊嚴，厚植並建立性別平等之教育資源與環境，特制定本法。
本法未規定者，適用其他法律之規定。
Article 2 　
The following terms that appear in this Act are hereby defined:
1. Gender equity education: to eliminate gender discrimination and promote substantive gender equality through education.
2. School: public and private schools of all levels.
3. Sexual assault: any sexual offense defined by the Sexual Assault Prevention Act
4. Sexual harassment: cases described by the following and do not constitute as sexual assaults:
i)　Unwelcome remarks or conducts that carry explicitly or implicitly a sexual or gender discriminating connotation and thereby adversely affect the other party's human dignity, or the opportunity or performance of her or his learning or work.　
ii) A conduct of sexual or gendered nature that is served as the condition for oneself or others to gain or lose rights or interests in learning or work.
5. Sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus: sexual assault or sexual harassment that involves the school principal, faculty, staff or student as one party and student as the other party.

第 2 條 　 本法用詞定義如下：
一、性別平等教育：指以教育方式消除性別歧視，促進性別地位之實質平等。
二、學校：指公私立各級學校。
三、性侵害：指性侵害犯罪防治法所稱性侵害犯罪之行為。
四、性騷擾：指符合下列情形之一，且未達性侵害之程度者：
(一) 以明示或暗示之方式，從事不受歡迎且具有性意味或性別歧視之言詞或行為，致影響他人之人格尊嚴、學習、或工作之機會或表現者。
(二) 以性或性別有關之行為，作為自己或他人獲得、喪失或減損其學習或工作有關權益之條件者。
五、校園性侵害或性騷擾事件：指性侵害或性騷擾事件之一方為學校校長、教師、職員、工友或學生，他方為學生者。

Article 3 　
The term competent authority used in this Act is referred to the Ministry of Education at the central government level, the municipal government at the municipal level, and the county or city government at the county or city level.

第 3 條 　 本法所稱主管機關：在中央為教育部；在直轄市為直轄市政府；在縣 (市) 為縣 (市) 政府。
Article 4 　 The central competent authority shall establish a gender equity education committee whose tasks include:
1. Draft laws, regulations, policies and annual projects related to gender equity education at national level;
2. Coordinate and integrate related resources, assist and fund the regional competent authority and schools and social education institutions under its jurisdiction in order to implement and develop gender equity education;
3. Supervise and evaluate gender equity-related activities carried out by the regional competent authority, schools and social education institutions under its jurisdiction under its jurisdiction;
4. Promote research and development of curricula, teaching, and assessments on gender equity education and related issues;
5. Plan and implement gender equity education personnel training programs;
6. Provide consultation services related to gender equity education, and investigate and handle cases pertinent to this Act;
7. Promote gender equity in family education and social education at national level;
8. Other matters related to gender equity education at national level.

第 4 條 　 中央主管機關應設性別平等教育委員會，其任務如下：
一、研擬全國性之性別平等教育相關法規、政策及年度實施計畫。
二、協調及整合相關資源，協助並補助地方主管機關及所主管學校、社教機構落實性別平等教育之實施與發展。
三、督導考核地方主管機關及所主管學校、社教機構性別平等教育相關工作之實施。
四、推動性別平等教育之課程、教學、評量與相關問題之研究與發展。
五、規劃及辦理性別平等教育人員之培訓。
六、提供性別平等教育相關事項之諮詢服務及調查、處理與本法有關之案件。
七、推動全國性有關性別平等之家庭教育及社會教育。
八、其他關於全國性之性別平等教育事務。
Article 5 　
The competent authority of the municipal government at municipal level and the county or city government at county or city level shall establish a gender equity education committee whose tasks include:
1 Draft regional laws and regulations, policies and annual projects related to gender equity education;
2. Coordinate and integrate related resources, assist and fund the regional competent authority and schools and social education institutions under its jurisdiction in order to implement and develop gender equity education;
3. Supervise and evaluate gender equity-related activities carried out by schools and social education institutions under its jurisdiction;
4. Promote research on curricula, teaching, and assessments on gender equity education and related issues;
5. Provide schools and social education institutions under its jurisdiction consultation service related to gender equity education, and investigate and handle cases pertinent to this Act;
6. Implement in-service education programs for faculty and personnel in schools under its jurisdiction;
7. Promote gender equity in family education and social education;
8. Other regional matters related to gender equity education.

第 5 條 　 直轄市、縣 (市) 主管機關應設性別平等教育委員會，其任務如下：
一、研擬地方之性別平等教育相關法規、政策及年度實施計畫。
二、協調及整合相關資源，並協助所主管學校、社教機構落實性別平等教育之實施與發展。
三、督導考核所主管學校、社教機構性別平等教育相關工作之實施。
四、推動性別平等教育之課程、教學、評量及相關問題之研究發展。
五、提供所主管學校、社教機構性別平等教育相關事項之諮詢服務及調查、處理與本法有關之案件。
六、辦理所主管學校教育人員及相關人員之在職進修。
七、推動地方有關性別平等之家庭教育及社會教育。
八、其他關於地方之性別平等教育事務。
Article 6 　
The school shall establish a gender equity education committee whose tasks include:
1. Integrate related resources in various departments of the school, draft gender equity education projects, and implement and examine the results of the projects;
2. Plan and implement activities related to gender equity education for students, staff, faculty, and parents;
3. Research, develop and promote courses, teaching, and assessments on gender equity education;
4. Draft and implement regulations on gender equity education and prevention of sexual assault and sexual harassment on campus, establish mechanisms to coordinate and integrate related resources;
5. Investigate and handle cases pertinent to this Act;
6. Plan and establish a safe and gender-fair campus;
7. Promote gender equity in family education and social education at community level;
8. Other matters related to gender equity at school or community level.

第 6 條 　 學校應設性別平等教育委員會，其任務如下：
一、統整學校各單位相關資源，擬訂性別平等教育實施計畫，落實並檢視其實施成果。
二、規劃或辦理學生、教職員工及家長性別平等教育相關活動。
三、研發並推廣性別平等教育之課程、教學及評量。
四、研擬性別平等教育實施與校園性侵害及性騷擾之防治規定，建立機制，並協調及整合相關資源。
五、調查及處理與本法有關之案件。
六、規劃及建立性別平等之安全校園空間。
七、推動社區有關性別平等之家庭教育與社會教育。
八、其他關於學校或社區之性別平等教育事務。
Article 7 　
The gender equity education committee of the central competent authority shall consist of seventeen to twenty-three members, who shall serve for specific terms. The Minister of Education shall be chair of the committee. At least half of the committee members shall be women. Experts, scholars, NGO/NPO representatives and practitioners from fields related to gender equity education shall make up at least two-thirds of the committee members.　
The aforesaid committee shall hold at least one meeting every three months, and appoint staffer(s) ad hoc to handle related matters. Matters regarding the organization and meetings of the committee and other related affairs shall be prescribed by the central competent authority.

第 7 條 　
中央主管機關之性別平等教育委員會，置委員十七人至二十三人，採任期制，以教育部部長為主任委員，其中女性委員應占委員總數二分之一以上；性別平等教育相關領域之專家學者、民間團體代表及實務工作者之委員合計，應占委員總數三分之二以上。
前項性別平等教育委員會每三個月應至少開會一次，並應由專人處理有關業務；其組織、會議及其他相關事項，由中央主管機關定之。
Article 8 　
The gender equity education committee of the municipal government and county or city level shall consist of nine to twenty-three members, who shall serve specific terms. The mayor of the municipality, the magistrate of the county or the mayor of the city government shall be chair of the committee. At least half of the committee members shall be women. Experts, scholars, NGO/NPO representatives and practitioners from fields related to gender equity education shall make up at least one-third of the committee members.
The aforesaid committee shall hold at least one meeting every three months, and appoint staffer(s) ad hoc to handle related matters. Matters regarding the organization and meetings of the committee and other related affairs shall be prescribed by the competent authorities at municipal, or county or city level.

第 8 條 　 直轄市、縣 (市) 主管機關之性別平等教育委員會，置委員九人至二十三人，採任期制，以直轄市、縣 (市) 首長為主任委員，其中女性委員應占委員總數二分之一以上；性別平等教育相關領域之專家學者、民間團體代表及實務工作者之委員合計，應占委員總數三分之一以上。
前項性別平等教育委員會每三個月應至少開會一次，並應由專人處理有關業務；其組織、會議及其他相關事項，由直轄市、縣 (市) 主管機關定之。
Article 9 　
The gender equity education committee of the school shall consist of five to twenty-one members, who shall serve specific terms. The school principal or president shall be chair of the committee, and at least one half of the committee members shall be women. Representatives of faculty, staff, parents, students, and experts with gender equity consciousness, and scholars from fields related to gender equity education may be invited to be committee members.
The aforesaid committee shall hold at least one meeting every three months, and appoint staffer or teacher ad hoc to handle related matters. Matters regarding the organization and meetings of the committee, and other related affairs shall be prescribed by the school.

第 9 條 　
學校之性別平等教育委員會，置委員五人至二十一人，採任期制，以校長為主任委員，其中女性委員應占委員總數二分之一以上，並得聘具性別平等意識之教師代表、職工代表、家長代表、學生代表及性別平等教育相關領域之專家學者為委員。
前項性別平等教育委員會每學期應至少開會一次，並應由專人處理有關業務；其組織、會議及其他相關事項，由學校定之。
Article 10 　 The competent authority at central, municipal, county or city shall designate budgeting in accordance with all the projects planned by its gender equity education committee.

第 10 條 　 中央、直轄市、縣 (市) 主管機關及學校每年應參考所設之性別平等教育委員會所擬各項實施方案編列經費預算。
Article 11 　
The competent authority shall supervise schools, social education institutions, or institutions under its jurisdiction to carry out tasks pertinent to gender equity education, as well as provide assistance where necessary. Those who accomplish significant achievements shall be awarded, whereas those who have substandard achievements shall be corrected and supervised for improvement.

第 11 條 　 主管機關應督導考核所主管學校、社教機構或下級機關辦理性別平等教育相關工作，並提供必要之協助；其績效優良者，應給予獎勵，績效不良者，應予糾正並輔導改進。

Chapter 2 Learning environment and resources
第 二 章 學習環境與資源


Article 12 　
The school shall provide a gender-fair learning environment and establish a safe campus environment.
The school shall respect the gender temperaments and sexual orientation of students, faculty and staff.
The school shall erect regulations to implement gender equity education, and promulgate them.
第 12 條 　
學校應提供性別平等之學習環境，建立安全之校園空間。
學校應尊重學生與教職員工之性別特質及性傾向。
學校應訂定性別平等教育實施規定，並公告周知。
Article 13 　
The school shall not discriminate against prospective students and their admission acceptance on the basis of their gender or sexual orientation. This dose not apply to schools, classes and curricula with historical tradition, special education missions, or other non-gender related reasons, upon the approval of the competent authority.

第 13 條 　 學校之招生及就學許可不得有性別或性傾向之差別待遇。但基於歷史傳統、特定教育目標或其他非因性別因素之正當理由，經該管主管機關核准而
設置之學校、班級、課程者，不在此限。
Article 14 　
The school shall not discriminate against students on the basis of their gender or sexual orientation in its teaching, activities, assessments, award and punishment, welfare and services. This does not apply to matters only suitable for specific gender.
The school shall affirmatively provide assistance to students who are disadvantaged due to their gender or sexual orientation in order to improve their situation.
The school shall affirmatively protect rights to education of pregnant students, as well as provide assistance where necessary.

第 14 條 　
學校不得因學生之性別或性傾向而給予教學、活動、評量、獎懲、福利及服務上之差別待遇。但性質僅適合特定性別者，不在此限。
學校對因性別或性傾向而處於不利處境之學生應積極提供協助，以改善其處境。
學校應積極維護懷孕學生之受教權，並提供必要之協助。
Article 15 　 Gender equity education shall be included in pre-service training of staff members, orientation training of new staff members, in-service education program and preparation program for educational administrators, the same in professional teacher training programs in colleges and universities.

第 15 條 　 教職員工之職前教育、新進人員培訓、在職進修及教育行政主管人員之儲訓課程，應納入性別平等教育之內容；其中師資培育之大學之教育專業課，應有性別平等教育相關課程。
Article 16 　
At least one-third of members of Staff Appraisal Committee, Grievance Review Committee, and Faculty Evaluation Committee at the school level, as well as the Faculty Grievance Review Committee of the competent authority at the central, municipal and county or city level, shall consist of either sex. This requirement need not apply to schools whose number of faculty members of either sex is lower than one-third of the total number of Faculty Evaluation Committee members.
The school and competent authority shall complete reorganization of committees according to the aforesaid regulations within one year from the effective date of this Act.　
第 16 條 　 學校之考績委員會、申訴評議委員會、教師評審委員會及中央與直轄市、 縣 (市) 主管機關之教師申訴評議委員會之組成，任一性別委員應占委員總數三分之一以上。但學校之考績委員會及教師評審委員會因該校任一性別教師人數少於委員總數三分之一者，不在此限。
學校或主管機關相關組織未符合前項規定者，應自本法施行之日起一年內完成改組。

Chapter 3 Curriculum, teaching materials and instruction
第 三 章 課程、教材與教學

Article 17 　
The school shall design curriculum and activities to encourage students to develop their potential and shall not discriminate students on the basis of their gender.　
Elementary and junior high schools, in addition to integrating gender equity education into their curriculum, shall provide at least four hours of courses or activities on gender equity education each semester.
Senior high schools shall integrate gender equity education in their curriculum, the same as the five-year junior colleges in the first three years of their curriculum.
Universities and colleges shall offer a wide range of courses on gender studies.　
Schools shall develop course planning and assessment methods in accordance to principles of gender equity education.

第 17 條 　 學校之課程設置及活動設計，應鼓勵學生發揮潛能，不得因性別而有差別待遇。
國民中小學除應將性別平等教育融入課程外，每學期應實施性別平等教育相關課程或活動至少四小時。
高級中等學校及專科學校五年制前三年應將性別平等教育融入課程。
大專校院應廣開性別研究相關課程。
學校應發展符合性別平等之課程規劃與評量方式。
Article 18 　 The compilation, composition, review and selection of course materials shall comply with the principles of gender equity education. The content of teaching materials shall present fairly on the historical contributions, life experiences of both sexes, and diverse gender perspectives. .

第 18 條 　 學校教材之編寫、審查及選用，應符合性別平等教育原則；教材內容應平衡反映不同性別之歷史貢獻及生活經驗，並呈現多元之性別觀點。
Article 19 　
When using teaching materials and engaging in educational activities, teachers shall maintain gender equity consciousness, eliminate gender stereotypes, and avoid gender prejudice and discrimination.
Teachers shall encourage students to take courses in fields that are not traditionally affiliated with their gender.

第 19 條 　 教師使用教材及從事教育活動時，應具備性別平等意識，破除性別刻板印象，避免性別偏見及性別歧視。
教師應鼓勵學生修習非傳統性別之學科領域。
Chapter 4 Prevention and handling of sexual assault and sexual harassment on campus

第 四 章 校園性侵害或性騷擾之防治

Article 20 　
The central competent authority shall prescribe regulations to prevent and handle sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus.　Such regulations shall contain campus safety plans, matters needing attention regarding instruction and interpersonal interaction on and off campus, and handling mechanisms, procedures, and relief for a case of sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus.
The school shall prescribe and promulgate prevention and handling regulations for the aforesaid regulations.
第 20 條 　
為預防與處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件，中央主管機關應訂定校園性侵害或性騷擾之防治準則；其內容應包括學校安全規劃、校內外教學與人際互動注意事項、校園性侵害或性騷擾之處理機制、程序及救濟方法。
學校應依前項準則訂定防治規定，並公告周知。

Article 21 　
In its handling of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment case, the school or competent authority shall fulfill its report responsibility in accordance to pertinent laws and regulations. The school or competent authority shall turn over the case to its gender equity education committee for investigation and handling.

第 21 條 　 學校或主管機關處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件，除依相關法律或法規規定通報外，並應將該事件交由所設之性別平等教育委員會調查處理。

Article 22 　
In its handling of campus sexual assault or sexual harassment cases, the school or competent authority shall be objective, fair and professional, allowing both involved parties sufficient opportunities to make their statement and plea.　Repeated interrogation shall be avoided.
The party's and offense-reporter's name and other information that may lead to personal identification shall be kept confidential, except for investigation necessity or public safety concerns.
第 22 條 　
學校或主管機關調查處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件時，應秉持客觀、公正、專業之原則，給予雙方當事人充分陳述意見及答辯之機會。但應避免重複詢問。
當事人及檢舉人之姓名或其他足以辨識身分之資料，除有調查之必要或基於公共安全之考量者外，應予保密。
Article 23 　
In its handling of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment case, the school or competent authority shall deploy necessary measures for the protection of the involved party's rights to education or work.

第 23 條 　 學校或主管機關於調查處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件期間，得採取必要之處置，以保障當事人之受教權或工作權。
Article 24 　
In its handling a campus sexual assault or harassment case, the school or competent authority shall inform the victim or his or her guardian of his or her rights and relief, or refer him or her to related institutions. Psychological counseling, protection measures or other assistance shall be provided where necessary.

第 24 條 　 學校或主管機關處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件，應告知被害人或其法定代理人其得主張之權益及各種救濟途徑，或轉介至相關機構處理，必要時，應提供心理輔導、保護措施或其他協助。


Article 25 　
Once a campus sexual assault and harassment case has been investigated and established, the school or competent authority shall impose punishment on the offender, or transfer him or her to other authority institutes for punishment in accordance to pertinent laws or regulations.
In its punishment of a sexual harassment offender, the school, competent authority or other authority institute may impose one or more of the followings on the offender:
1. Apologize to the victim upon the consent of the victim or his or her guardian;
2. Attend eight hours of courses on gender equity education;
3. Receive psychological counseling;
4. Prescribe other measures that comply with educational purposes.
In the case of the punishment in the first paragraph, the offender shall be allowed an opportunity to make a written statement when his or her status is changed.
第 25 條 　
校園性侵害或性騷擾事件經學校或主管機關調查屬實後，應依相關法律或法規規定自行或將加害人移送其他權責機關懲處。
學校、主管機關或其他權責機關為性騷擾事件之懲處時，並得命加害人為下列一款或數款之處置：
一、經被害人或其法定代理人之同意，向被害人道歉。
二、接受八小時之性別平等教育相關課程。
三、接受心理輔導。
四、其他符合教育目的之措施。
第一項懲處涉及加害人身分之改變時，應給予其書面陳述意見之機會.

Article 26 　
During the investigation of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment case, the school or competent authority may make public a description of pertinent matters, handling methods, and principles where necessary. After the case has been closed and upon the approval of the victim or his or her guardian, the school or competent authority may also make public whether the case is established, the type of the case, and handling method of the case.　Party names and other information that may lead to their identification shall not be revealed.
。

第 26 條 　
學校或主管機關調查校園性侵害或性騷擾事件過程中，得視情況就相關事項、處理方式及原則予以說明，並得於事件處理完成後，經被害人或其法定代理人之同意，將事件之有無、樣態及處理方式予以公布。但不得揭露當事人之姓名或其他足以識別其身分之資料。



Article 27 　
The school or competent authority shall establish a database on cases of sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus, as well as profiles of offenders.
When the aforesaid offender transfers to another school for studies or employment, the former competent authority and the school where the offender worked or studied shall notify the new school where the offender works or studies within one month from the date of knowing such transfer.
The notified school shall keep track of the offender and provide counseling where necessary.　The school shall not reveal the offender's name or other information that may lead to his or her identification without legitimate reason.

第 27 條 　
學校或主管機關應建立校園性侵害或性騷擾事件及加害人之檔案資料。
前項加害人轉至其他學校就讀或服務時，主管機關及原就讀或服務之學校應於知悉後一個月內，通報加害人現就讀或服務之學校。
接獲前項通報之學校，應對加害人實施必要之追蹤輔導，非有正當理由，並不得公布加害人之姓名或其他足以識別其身分之資料。
Chapter 5 Application for investigation and relief
第 五 章 申請調查及救濟

Article 28 　
When the school violates regulations in this Act, the victim or his or her guardian may apply for an investigation to the competent authority supervising the school. The victim of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment or his or her guardian may apply for an investigation in writing to the offender's school.　If the offender is the head of the school, the investigation application shall be made to the competent authority supervising the school.
Anyone with the knowledge of the events mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs may report them to the school or competent authority according to prescribed procedures.

第 28 條 　
學校違反本法規定時，被害人或其法定代理人得向學校所屬主管機關申請調查。
校園性侵害或性騷擾事件之被害人或其法定代理人得以書面向行為人所屬學校申請調查。但學校之首長為加害人時，應向學校所屬主管機關申請調查。
任何人知悉前二項之事件時，得依其規定程序向學校或主管機關檢舉之。

Article 29 　
After receiving an application for investigation or an offense report, the school or competent authority shall send a written notification to the applicant or offense-reporter within twenty days to notify him or her whether the application is accepted.
The school or competent authority shall reject the application or offense report if one of the followings applies:
1. Events not prescribed in the regulations of this Act;
2. Applicants or offense-reporters who do not provide their real names;
3. A case that has already been handled and closed.
The notification in the preceding paragraph shall explain the reason of its rejection in writing.
If the applicant or offense-reporter does not receive a notification of application acceptance or rejection within the time frame mentioned in the first paragraph may reapply in writing to the school or competent authority within twenty days from the date following the notification is received. .

第 29 條 　
學校或主管機關於接獲調查申請或檢舉時，應於二十日內以書面通知申請人或檢舉人是否受理。
學校或主管機關於接獲調查申請或檢舉時，有下列情形之一者，應不予受理：
一、非屬本法所規定之事項者。
二、申請人或檢舉人未具真實姓名。
三、同一事件已處理完畢者。
前項不受理之書面通知，應敘明理由。
申請人或檢舉人於第一項之期限內未收到通知或接獲不受理通知之次日起
二十日內，得以書面具明理由，向學校或主管機關申復。

Article 30 　
After receiving an application or offense report mentioned in the first paragraph of the preceding Article, the school or competent authority shall turn over the case to its Gender Equity Education Committee within three days for investigation and handling, except when the second paragraph of the preceding Article applies.
The Gender Equity Education Committee of the school or competent authority may form an investigation team for the aforesaid case.
Members of the aforesaid team shall have gender equity consciousness, and more than half of members shall be women. Part of the members may be invited from outside the school when necessary. At least one-third of the investigation team at the school level and at least one half at the competent authority level shall be composed of experts or scholars specialized in the investigation of such cases. The investigation team shall include representative(s) of the applicant's school when the two parties of the case belong to different schools.
When the Gender Equity Education Committee or investigation team carries an investigation according to the regulations prescribed by this Act, the offender, applicant and persons or offices who are invited to assist the investigation shall cooperate and provide pertinent information.
Pertinent regulations in the Administrative Procedure Law regarding jurisdiction, transfer, avoidance, service and rectification shall be applied or applies mutatis mutandis in this Act.
The Gender Equity Education Committee shall not be affected by the judicial procedures of the case in its investigation and handling of a case.
The Gender Equity Education Committee shall take into account the difference in power between the two parties in its investigation and handling of a case.

第 30 條 　
學校或主管機關接獲前條第一項之申請或檢舉後，除有前條第二項所定事由外，應於三日內交由所設之性別平等教育委員會調查處理。
學校或主管機關之性別平等教育委員會處理前項事件時，得成立調查小組調查之。
前項小組成員應具性別平等意識，女性人數比例，應占成員總數二分之一以上，必要時，部分小組成員得外聘。處理校園性侵害或性騷擾事件所成立之調查小組，其成員中具性侵害或性騷擾事件調查專業素養之專家學者之人數比例於學校應占成員總數三分之一以上，於主管機關應占成員總數二分之一以上；雙方當事人分屬不同學校時，並應有申請人學校代表。
性別平等教育委員會或調查小組依本法規定進行調查時，行為人、申請人及受邀協助調查之人或單位，應予配合，並提供相關資料。
行政程序法有關管轄、移送、迴避、送達、補正等相關規定，於本法適用或準用之。
性別平等教育委員會之調查處理，不受該事件司法程序進行之影響。
性別平等教育委員會為調查處理時，應衡酌雙方當事人之權力差距。

Article 31 　
The Gender Equity Education Committee of the school or competent authority shall complete its investigation of a case within two months from the date the application or offense report is accepted. The investigation may be extended at most twice if necessary, and each extension may not exceed one-month's time. The applicant, offense-reporter and offender shall be notified of the extension.
After the investigation is complete, the Gender Equity Education Committee shall submit a written report to its school or competent authority regarding the investigation and suggestions for handling.
After receiving the aforesaid investigation report, the school or competent authority shall put forth a disposition or turn it over to the pertinent authority for a decision within two months according to this Act or pertinent laws or regulations.　The school or competent authority shall notify in writing the applicant, offense-reporter and offender of its handling conclusion, facts established and grounds.
Before reaching the aforesaid conclusion, the school or competent authority may request representative(s) of its Gender Equity Education Committee to attend the meeting for clarification.


第 31 條 　
學校或主管機關性別平等教育委員會應於受理申請或檢舉後二個月內完成調查。必要時，得延長之，延長以二次為限，每次不得逾一個月，並應通知申請人、檢舉人及行為人。
性別平等教育委員會調查完成後，應將調查報告及處理建議，以書面向其所屬學校或主管機關提出報告。
學校或主管機關應於接獲前項調查報告後二個月內，自行或移送相關權責機關依本法或相關法律或法規規定議處，並將處理之結果，以書面載明事實及理由通知申請人、檢舉人及行為人。
學校或主管機關為前項議處前，得要求性別平等教育委員會之代表列席說明。
Article 32 　
If not agreeing with the conclusion referred to the third paragraph of the preceding Article, the applicant and offender may apply in writing with grounds for reapplication within twenty days from the date following the date of receipt of the written notification. .
The aforesaid reapplication may be made only once.
The school or competent authority may request its Gender Equity Education Committee to reinvestigate the case under the conditions that major flaws in the investigation procedure, or new facts or evidences that would affect the investigation are discovered.

第 32 條 　
申請人及行為人對於前條第三項處理之結果有不服者，得於收到書面通知次日起二十日內，以書面具明理由向學校或主管機關申復。
前項申復以一次為限。
學校或主管機關發現調查程序有重大瑕疵或有足以影響原調查認定之新事實、新證據時，得要求性別平等教育委員會重新調查。
Article 33 　
After receiving request for reinvestigation from the school or competent authority, the Gender Equity Education Committee shall organize a new investigation team, whose investigation and handling procedures shall follow pertinent regulations prescribed by this Act.

第 33 條 　 性別平等教育委員會於接獲前條學校或主管機關重新調查之要求時，應另組調查小組；其調查處理程序，依本法之相關規定。
Article 34 　
If not satisfied with the disposition of the reapplication, the applicant or offender may petition for relief according to the following regulations within thirty days from the date following the date of receipt of the written notification.:
1. Public and private school principals and teachers: regulations prescribed by the Teacher's Act shall apply;
2. Civil service employees in public schools who are hired according to the Civil Service Employment Act and employees hired before the effective date (May 3rd, 1985) of the Statute for Appointment of Educational Personnel:　regulations prescribed by the Civil Servant Protection Act shall apply;
3. Private school staff: regulations prescribed by the Gender Equality in Employment Act shall apply;
4. Public and private school workers: regulations prescribed by the Gender Equality in Employment Act shall apply;
5. Public and private school students: regulations prescribed by the school shall apply.

第 34 條 　
申請人或行為人對學校或主管機關之申復結果不服，得於接獲書面通知書之次日起三十日內，依下列規定提起救濟：
一、公私立學校校長、教師：依教師法之規定。
二、公立學校依公務人員任用法任用之職員及中華民國七十四年五月三日教育人員任用條例施行前未納入銓敘之職員：依公務人員保障法之規定。
三、私立學校職員：依性別工作平等法之規定。
四、公私立學校工友：依性別工作平等法之規定。
五、公私立學校學生：依規定向所屬學校提起申訴。



Article 35 　
The school or competent authority shall establish facts relevant to cases prescribed by the Act according to the investigation report provided by its Gender Equity Education Committee.
The court shall consult the investigation reports provided by the Gender Equity Education Committee at different levels in establishing facts referred to in the preceding paragraph.

第 35 條 　
學校及主管機關對於與本法事件有關之事實認定，應依據其所設性別平等教育委員會之調查報告。
法院對於前項事實之認定，應審酌各級性別平等教育委員會之調查報告。

Chapter 6 Penal Provision
第六 章 罰則
Article 36 　
School violating Article 13, Article 14, the second paragraph of Article 20, Paragraph 2to Article 22, or Paragraph 3 to Article 27 shall be subjected to a fine not less than 10,000 New Taiwan Dollars and not more than 100,000 New Taiwan Dollars.
An offender who violates the fourth Paragraph of Article 30 without legitimate reasons shall be subjected to a fine not less than 10,000 New Taiwan Dollars and not more than 50,000 New Taiwan Dollars. Consecutive fine may be made until he or she cooperates or provides pertinent information.

第 36 條 　
學校違反第十三條、第十四條、第十六條、第二十條第二項、第二十二條第二項或第二十七條第三項規定者，應處新臺幣一萬元以上十萬元以下罰鍰。
行為人違反第三十條第四項規定而無正當理由者，由學校報請主管機關處新臺幣一萬元以上五萬元以下罰鍰，並得連續處罰至其配合或提供相關資料為止。

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第 七 章 附則
Article 37 　 Enforcement Rules for this Act shall be drawn by the central competent authority.

第 37 條 　 本法施行細則，由中央主管機關定之。
Article 38 　 This Act will take effect as of the date of promulgation.

第 38 條 　 本法自公布日施行。







by WAN-LI YANG 整理